A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard (e.g. flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, or landslide) that affects the environment, and leads to financial, environmental and/or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster, and their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation: “disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability.” A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability, e.g. strong earthquakes in uninhabited areas. The term natural has consequently been disputed because the events simply are not hazards or disasters without human involvement.
| Rank | Event | Location | Date | |
| 1. | 1931 China floods | China | July, November, 1931 | |
| 2. | 1887 Yellow River flood | China | September, October, 1887 | |
| 3. | 1556 Shaanxi earthquake | Shaanxi Province, China | January 23, 1556 | |
| 4. | 1970 Bhola cyclone | East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) | November 13, 1970 | |
| 5. | 1839 India Cyclone | India | November 25, 1839 | |
| 6. | 526 Antioch earthquake | Antioch, Turkey | 05 May 526 | |
| 7. | 1976 Tangshan earthquake | Tangshan, Hebei, China | July 28, 1976 | |
| 8. | 1920 Haiyuan earthquake | Haiyuan, Ningxia-Gansu, China | December 16, 1920 | |
| 9. | 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami | Sumatra, Indonesia | December 26, 2004 | |
| 10. | 2010 Haiti earthquake | Port-au-Prince, Haiti | January 12, 2010 |  |
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